{"id":11575,"date":"2024-07-01T11:58:54","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T09:58:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/downgalicia.org\/sindrome-down\/"},"modified":"2026-07-20T12:52:55","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T10:52:55","slug":"sindrome-down","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/downgalicia.org\/gl-lf\/sindrome-down\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00edndrome de Down: que \u00e9,
caracter\u00edsticas e tipos"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Portada<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Qu\u00e9\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Que \u00e9 a s\u00edndrome de Down?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

A s\u00edndrome de Down \u00e9 unha condici\u00f3n
coa que unha persoa nace.<\/p>

Ocorre porque a persoa ten unha copia extra do cromosoma 21.
Por norma xeral, as persoas te\u00f1en 2 cromosomas 21,
pero neste caso hai 3, ou unha parte importante dun deles.<\/p>

Os cromosomas conte\u00f1en a informaci\u00f3n sobre como \u00e9
e como se desenvolver\u00e1 unha persoa.<\/p>

Ter este cromosoma extra afecta a como se desenvolver\u00e1 a persoa
e a como funcionar\u00e1n alg\u00fans dos seus \u00f3rganos.
O \u00f3rgano m\u00e1is afectado \u00e9 o cerebro.
Tam\u00e9n se ve moi afectado o sistema nervioso da persoa.<\/p>

O sistema nervioso axuda a pensar, aprender e comportarse.
Por iso, a s\u00edndrome de Down infl\u00fae na aprendizaxe
e na conducta.<\/p>

O cromosoma 21 extra tam\u00e9n explica as caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas
das persoas con trisom\u00eda 21,
que \u00e9 outra forma de chamar \u00e1 s\u00edndrome de Down.<\/p>

Por este motivo, estas persoas
necesitan atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica especializada
e controis m\u00e9dicos profesionais para previr enfermidades.<\/p>

Podes obter m\u00e1is informaci\u00f3n sobre a s\u00edndrome de Down
na publicaci\u00f3n El s\u00edndrome de Down hoy de Down Espa\u00f1a.<\/p>

Caracter\u00edsticas xerais das persoas <\/strong>
coa s\u00edndrome de Down<\/strong><\/p>

Encontrar\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre as caracter\u00edsticas
das persoas coa s\u00edndrome de Down nos seguintes enlaces:<\/p>

Caracter\u00edsticas psicol\u00f3xicas e de personalidade
Caracter\u00edsticas cognitivas e intelectuais<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM\u00e1is informaci\u00f3n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Mitos e realidades das persoas coa s\u00edndrome de Down\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

A continuaci\u00f3n atopar\u00e1s alg\u00fans mitos
sobre as persoas coa s\u00edndrome de Down,
acompa\u00f1ados da realidade que hai detr\u00e1s deles:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMito\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tA s\u00edndrome de Down \u00e9 unha enfermidade.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRealidade\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tA s\u00edndrome de Down non \u00e9 unha enfermidade.
\n\u00c9 unha variaci\u00f3n xen\u00e9tica.
\nOcorre porque a persoa ten un cromosoma 21 extra.
\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMito\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAs persoas coa s\u00edndrome de Down non viven moito tempo.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRealidade\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHoxe en d\u00eda, a esperanza de vida das persoas
\ncoa s\u00edndrome de Down at\u00f3pase ao redor dos 65 anos.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMito\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAs persoas coa s\u00edndrome de Down son nenos e nenas
\npara sempre e non alcanzan os obxectivos
\nque se consideran normais da vida.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRealidade\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCoa educaci\u00f3n e o apoio adecuados,
\na maior\u00eda das persoas coa s\u00edndrome de Down
\naprende a ler, asiste a escolas com\u00fans
\ne desenvolve unha vida adulta plena.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMito\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAs persoas coa s\u00edndrome de Down son persoas cari\u00f1osas
\ne sempre se senten felices.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRealidade\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCada persoa coa s\u00edndrome de Down ten o seu propio car\u00e1cter.
\nComo calquera outra persoa,
\nte\u00f1en estados de \u00e1nimo diferentes.
\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Tipos de S\u00edndrome de Down<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrisom\u00eda 21\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tA trisom\u00eda 21 \u00e9 o tipo de s\u00edndrome de Down
\nm\u00e1is frecuente. Tam\u00e9n se chama trisom\u00eda regular ou trisom\u00eda libre.

\n\nSucede ao inicio da fecundaci\u00f3n do \u00f3vulo,
\ncando nun embarazo comezan a dividirse as primeiras c\u00e9lulas.

\n\nNeste caso, o par de cromosomas 21 do \u00f3vulo
\nou do espermatozoide non se separa de forma correcta.
\nPor iso, un deles ten 24 cromosomas en lugar de 23.

\n\nCando este \u00f3vulo ou espermatozoide cun cromosoma de m\u00e1is
\n\u00fanese con outro, f\u00f3rmase unha c\u00e9lula chamada cigoto
\ncon 47 cromosomas.

\n\nEste cigoto div\u00eddese por un proceso chamado mitose
\npara formar o feto.
\nTodas as novas c\u00e9lulas ter\u00e1n tam\u00e9n 47 cromosomas.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTranslocaci\u00f3n cromos\u00f3mica\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEn alg\u00fans casos menos frecuentes, a s\u00edndrome de Down
\nd\u00e9bese a un problema durante a meiose.

\n\nA meiose \u00e9 un proceso
\nno que se forman as c\u00e9lulas reprodutoras,
\ncomo o \u00f3vulo e o espermatozoide.

\n\nDurante este proceso, o cromosoma 21 pode romperse.
\nUnha parte dese cromosoma, ou incluso o cromosoma enteiro,
\n\u00fanese de forma incorrecta a outro par de cromosomas.
\nPor norma xeral \u00fanese ao par 14.

\n\nIsto significa que se produce a seguinte situaci\u00f3n:\n

    \n
  • O par 21 segue existindo.<\/li>\n
  • O par 14 ten informaci\u00f3n xen\u00e9tica de m\u00e1is, que \u00e9 un cromosoma 21 ou unha parte del.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n\nA estes cromosomas ch\u00e1maselles cromosomas de translocaci\u00f3n.
    \nPor iso, falamos de s\u00edndrome de Down por translocaci\u00f3n.

    \n\nNeste caso, non \u00e9 necesario que o cromosoma 21
    \nestea 3 veces completo.

    \n\nAs caracter\u00edsticas da persoa dependen
    \nde que parte do cromosoma 21 se unise a outro cromosoma.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMosaicismo ou trisom\u00eda en mosaico\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\tUnha vez o \u00f3vulo est\u00e1 fecundado,
    \nas c\u00e9lulas empezan a multiplicarse.

    \n\nPara facelo, as c\u00e9lulas div\u00eddense.
    \nEste proceso ch\u00e1mase mitose.

    \n\n\u00c1s veces, durante a mitose,
    \na informaci\u00f3n xen\u00e9tica non se reparte ben.

    \n\nCando pasa isto, pode ocorrer o seguinte:\n

      \n
    • Unha c\u00e9lula nova ten 3 cromosomas do par 21.<\/li>\n
    • Outra c\u00e9lula nova ten s\u00f3 1 cromosoma do par 21.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\nPor este motivo, o corpo manifesta esta situaci\u00f3n:\n
        \n
      • Algunhas c\u00e9lulas te\u00f1en 3 cromosomas 21.<\/li>\n
      • Outras c\u00e9lulas te\u00f1en o n\u00famero normal de cromosomas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\nAs persoas con esta condici\u00f3n te\u00f1en mosaicismo cromos\u00f3mico
        \nou trisom\u00eda en mosaico.
        \n\u00dasanse estes nomes porque o corpo ten c\u00e9lulas diferentes.

        \n\nOs trazos f\u00edsicos e o desenvolvemento da persoa afectada
        \ndepender\u00e1n de cantas c\u00e9lulas con 3 cromosomas 21 te\u00f1a.

        \n\nEn xeral, as persoas con mosaicismo
        \nte\u00f1en menos discapacidade intelectual.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Que \u00e9 a s\u00edndrome de Down? A s\u00edndrome de Down \u00e9 unha condici\u00f3ncoa que unha persoa nace. Ocorre porque a persoa ten unha copia extra do cromosoma 21.Por norma xeral, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11575","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00edndrome de Down • Inf\u00f3rmate sobre as s\u00faas Caracter\u00edsticas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Toda a informaci\u00f3n oficial sobre a s\u00edndrome de Down. 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